{"id":92022,"date":"2025-10-07T08:38:17","date_gmt":"2025-10-07T06:38:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.fragmenta.cat\/?post_type=article&p=92022"},"modified":"2025-10-14T11:14:09","modified_gmt":"2025-10-14T09:14:09","slug":"la-vigencia-de-linconscient","status":"publish","type":"article","link":"https:\/\/www.fragmenta.cat\/es\/dialogal\/article\/la-vigencia-de-linconscient\/","title":{"rendered":"La vig\u00e8ncia de l\u2019inconscient"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Altres autors n\u2019havien parlat abans que ell, per\u00f2 \u00e9s gr\u00e0cies als plantejaments de Sigmund Freud que avui l\u2019inconscient t\u00e9 una gran rellev\u00e0ncia<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

No cal ser psic\u00f2leg per relacionar el nom de Freud amb tota una colla de conceptes com ara trauma, complex d\u2019\u00c8dip, repressi\u00f3, pulsi\u00f3 i, sobretot, inconscient. El cas \u00e9s molt simptom\u00e0tic, perqu\u00e8 el mateix Freud reconeix la poca tra\u00e7a que t\u00e9 a l\u2019hora de posar nom a les seves teories, fins al punt que la pr\u00e0ctica totalitat de mots que li associem no van ser formulats origin\u00e0riament per ell. Aix\u00f2 \u00e9s especialment rellevant quan parlem de l\u2019inconscient, ja que altres autors n\u2019havien parlat abans que ell: Descartes, Leibniz, Schopenhauer, Nietzsche, Janet, von Hartmann\u2026  <\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

Ara b\u00e9, \u00e9s justament l\u2019originalitat del plantejament de Freud el que fa que (combregant o no amb les seves tesis) la noci\u00f3 d\u2019inconscient continu\u00ef vigent avui. De l\u2019originalitat del punt de vista freudi\u00e0 cal destacar-ne dos aspectes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

El primer parteix de la proposta metodol\u00f2gica oferta per Freud: all\u00f2 inconscient ja no \u00e9s simplement la propietat d\u2019uns estats mentals, per definici\u00f3, no conscients, sin\u00f3 una inst\u00e0ncia ps\u00edquica. \u00c9s a dir, passa d\u2019\u00e9sser un adjectiu a formular-se com un substantiu. Ser\u00e0 justament aquesta substantivaci\u00f3 de l\u2019inconscient el que permetr\u00e0 a Freud oferir la seva proposta terap\u00e8utica, ja que, segons el seu model, tota cura es resolt en el reconeixement de l\u2019inconscient. Freud ent\u00e9n aquest reconeixement de manera jur\u00eddica: el mot agnoszierung<\/em> s\u2019aplica quan el forense reconeix un cad\u00e0ver o quan es reconeix la paternitat d\u2019un infant adoptat\u2026 I aqu\u00ed rau el nucli del plantejament: si la consci\u00e8ncia \u00e9s el fet de poder dir \u00abjo\u00bb i de subratllar que ens concebem com a subjectes actius, l\u2019inconscient emergeix com una entitat an\u00f2nima que xucla un subjecte gaireb\u00e9 redu\u00eft a ser nom\u00e9s la manifestaci\u00f3 d\u2019aquesta energia primordial. L\u2019exist\u00e8ncia de l\u2019inconscient posa en q\u00fcesti\u00f3 l\u2019autonomia, la racionalitat i la llibertat. \u00abEl jo ja no \u00e9s l\u2019amo de casa seva\u00bb, fa una sent\u00e8ncia freudiana coneguda. En efecte, Freud afirma que l\u2019\u00e9sser hum\u00e0 ha patit tres ferides que q\u00fcestionen la tend\u00e8ncia a l\u2019amor propi: l\u2019heliocentrisme de Cop\u00e8rnic, que despla\u00e7a l\u2019\u00e9sser hum\u00e0 del centre de l\u2019univers; la teoria de l\u2019evoluci\u00f3 de Darwin, que mostra la continu\u00eftat biol\u00f2gica entre l\u2019\u00e9sser hum\u00e0 i la resta d\u2019\u00e9ssers vius, i la psicoan\u00e0lisi, que evidencia que ignorem les nostres motivacions m\u00e9s profundes. \u00c9s per aix\u00f2 que Ricoeur incorpora Freud, al costat de Marx i de Nietzsche, a la categoria de \u00abmestres de la sospita\u00bb.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

L’INCONSCIENT CONTINUA VIGENT PERQU\u00c8 ELS HUMANS VIVIM ARROSSEGATS PER UNA ENERGIA QUE ES DESDOBLA EN PULSI\u00d3 DE VIDA \u2014TEND\u00c8NCIA A LA UNI\u00d3\u2014 I PULSI\u00d3 DE MORT \u2014PROPENSI\u00d3 A LA dissociaci\u00f3 i la DIVISi\u00d3\u2014 <\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

El segon aspecte a tenir en compte del plantejament de Freud t\u00e9 a veure amb com afronta una dificultat maj\u00fascula: \u00bfcom podem estar segurs de l\u2019exist\u00e8ncia d\u2019all\u00f2 inconscient si aquest, per definici\u00f3, no \u00e9s observable ni directament accessible? Ell ho resol apel\u00b7lant al postulat kanti\u00e0 protot\u00edpic de la Modernitat: no tenim acc\u00e9s a l\u2019ess\u00e8ncia de la realitat, sin\u00f3 nom\u00e9s a les seves manifestacions fenomenol\u00f2giques. La psicoan\u00e0lisi esdev\u00e9, per tant, un proc\u00e9s de traducci\u00f3 que es manifesta, per exemple, en l\u2019art, la religi\u00f3 o la ci\u00e8ncia (entesos com a mecanismes de simbolitzaci\u00f3). Tanmateix, Freud ha de passar de la descripci\u00f3 de l\u2019inconscient a la seva demostraci\u00f3. Aqu\u00ed la seva originalitat consisteix a presentar l\u2019inconscient com una hip\u00f2tesi necess\u00e0ria i leg\u00edtima que postula que una s\u00e8rie d\u2019elements ps\u00edquics (somnis, lapsus, actes fallits, neurosis\u2026) s\u00f3n la traducci\u00f3 conscient de pulsions i desigs inconscients. La hip\u00f2tesi de l\u2019exist\u00e8ncia de l\u2019inconscient suposa un guany explicatiu dels processos ps\u00edquics. <\/span> <\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En definitiva: l\u2019inconscient continua ben vigent, perqu\u00e8 els \u00e9ssers humans continuem vivint arrossegats per una energia pulsional que es desdobla en pulsi\u00f3 de vida (tend\u00e8ncia a la uni\u00f3) i pulsi\u00f3 de mort (propensi\u00f3 a la dissociaci\u00f3 i la divisi\u00f3). Tamb\u00e9 perqu\u00e8 tenim greus dificultats per conciliar desigs i pulsions amb ideals socials i culturals. I perqu\u00e8 forma part de la saviesa existencial recon\u00e8ixer els l\u00edmits de la nostra consci\u00e8ncia i del coneixement de les motivacions que ens determinen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

____________<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Foto de portada<\/strong>: retrat de Sigmund Freud (Wikimedia Commons)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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