{"id":93782,"date":"2026-03-26T12:20:46","date_gmt":"2026-03-26T10:20:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.fragmenta.cat\/?post_type=article&p=93782"},"modified":"2026-04-01T08:52:51","modified_gmt":"2026-04-01T06:52:51","slug":"la-religiositat-popular-revisitada","status":"publish","type":"article","link":"https:\/\/www.fragmenta.cat\/es\/dialogal\/article\/la-religiositat-popular-revisitada\/","title":{"rendered":"La religiositat popular revisitada"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

La religiositat popular com a expressi\u00f3 real de la fe: un espai de conflu\u00e8ncia entre tradici\u00f3, experi\u00e8ncia col\u00b7lectiva i norma eclesi\u00e0stica<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

De tots \u00e9s conegut l\u2019exemple edificant atribu\u00eft, entre altres sants, a sant Antoni M. Claret. El sant troba un pag\u00e8s que est\u00e0 llaurant i resant d\u2019aquesta forma: \u00abD\u00e9u meu, que v\u00f3s sigueu tan dolent i jo tan bo.\u00bb El sant tracta de corregir-lo, per\u00f2 quan el pag\u00e8s s\u2019allunya veu com levita i s\u2019eleva de terra, i llavors li crida: \u00abJa ho d\u00e8ieu b\u00e9, ja ho d\u00e8ieu b\u00e9!\u00bb L\u2019an\u00e8cdota reflecteix fins a quin punt la religiositat popular s\u2019ha vist allunyada de l\u2019ortod\u00f2xia, per\u00f2 com, al mateix temps, tamb\u00e9 s\u2019ha considerat que pot arribar a D\u00e9u quan va de bona fe. Es tracta d\u2019una mirada condescendent cap a qui creu que no dona m\u00e9s de si.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

En paraules de Joan Prat, la religiositat popular \u00e9s la pr\u00e0ctica real de la religi\u00f3 perqu\u00e8, en posar-la en pr\u00e0ctica, tot el gruix d\u2019experi\u00e8ncies heretades, de relacions viscudes i d\u2019informacions rebudes es posa en moviment de forma conjunta. Els estudis sobre la mat\u00e8ria van rebre una gran embranzida en l\u2019escola andalusa liderada per Isidoro Moreno, per\u00f2 tenien un defecte de base, ja que estudiaven nom\u00e9s les manifestacions populars sense tenir en compte com de lligades estaven a la religiositat oficial que emanava dels centres de poder eclesi\u00e0stics. Era com si aquestes manifestacions s\u2019haguessin produ\u00eft independentment, sense contacte, quan, en realitat, no es poden deslligar l\u2019una de l\u2019altra perqu\u00e8 s\u2019influencien m\u00fatuament.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qualsevol mostra de religiositat popular \u00e9s fruit d\u2019una combinaci\u00f3 individual i col\u00b7lectiva. Hi conflueixen la comunicaci\u00f3 amb el passat, l\u2019actualitat eixida de la jerarquia i l\u2019actualitat de totes les influ\u00e8ncies rebudes a trav\u00e9s de tots els mitjans, des de la pr\u00e0ctica dels ve\u00efns i els mitjans de comunicaci\u00f3 fins als exercicis i creences esot\u00e8riques, aix\u00ed com les de grups llunyans que avui s\u2019han fet propers. Jo he presenciat una discussi\u00f3 sobre la reencarnaci\u00f3 de les \u00e0nimes entre les clientes d\u2019un mercat. Les seves fonts d\u2019informaci\u00f3 eren molt m\u00e9s \u00e0mplies del que caldria suposar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n

UNA DE LES CARACTER\u00cdSTIQUES DE LA CONTINU\u00cftat de cosmovisions \u00e9s el culte als sants locals, que moltes vegades arrepleguen les tradicions anteriors dedicades a genis del lloc i herois locals, i se’ls confereixen trets heterodoxos <\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

La difer\u00e8ncia entre la religiositat origin\u00e0ria dels centres d\u2019ortod\u00f2xia i la dels pobles que professen la mateixa religi\u00f3 \u00e9s m\u00e9s clara en una religi\u00f3 universalista que en les diverses tradicions anteriors. Efectivament, quan els pobles adopten una gran religi\u00f3 universalista, no parteixen d\u2019una tabula rasa<\/em>, sin\u00f3 que ja acumulen un bagatge de segles sobre la seva cosmovisi\u00f3, que jugar\u00e0 un paper important en la consci\u00e8ncia de la gent, barrejant-s\u2019hi i fins i tot rebutjant-la a trav\u00e9s del que s\u2019ha anomenat el furor del ne\u00f2fit. Tot i que la jerarquia eclesi\u00e0stica intent\u00e9s erradicar-les o transformar-les per tots els mitjans, les festes i els rituals precristians s\u00f3n encara presents en les nostres vides. L\u2019arbre de Nadal, per exemple, va ser modificat per sant Bonifaci, que va substituir l\u2019arbre sagrat dels pobles per un avet, el qual va considerar s\u00edmbol de la Trinitat per la seva forma triangular. O la festa de la Candelera, que \u00e9s tamb\u00e9 una transformaci\u00f3 de les Lupercals romanes. Entre els clergues que van escriure contra les pr\u00e0ctiques anteriors que perduraven, hi ha el fam\u00f3s sant Mart\u00ed de Braga, que el 574 va publicar De correctione rusticorum<\/em>, amb la voluntat d\u2019erradicar les pr\u00e0ctiques religioses dels sueus.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Una de les caracter\u00edstiques de la continu\u00eftat dels cultes i de les cosmovisions anteriors \u00e9s el culte als sants locals i primigenis, que moltes vegades arrepleguen les tradicions anteriors dedicades a genis del lloc i herois locals, i se\u2019ls confereixen fets for\u00e7a heterodoxos. \u00c9s el cas de sant \u00darbez, un pastor que va viure durant el segle VIII a la comarca aragonesa de Sobrarb. S\u2019explica que, quan marxava d\u2019una casa on estava llogat com a pastor, els deia: \u00abTu no ser\u00e0s mai ni m\u00e9s pobre ni m\u00e9s ric.\u00bb Es tracta d\u2019una sent\u00e8ncia que s\u2019assigna a les dones d\u2019aigua, a les encant\u00e0ries, i que pronunciaven, en termes de maledicci\u00f3, quan els prenien part de la bugada estesa. \u00c9s a dir, les mateixes tradicions, rituals o mites eren considerats ben\u00e8fics i atribu\u00efts als sants, o b\u00e9 eren perseguits i es veien com a malignes en funci\u00f3 de si la jerarquia els rebia com a ortodoxos o com a heterodoxos.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A tot aix\u00f2 cal afegir que cada generaci\u00f3 de la jerarquia eclesi\u00e0stica considera els seus immediats antecessors com a contaminats de la religi\u00f3 popular, de manera que les pr\u00e0ctiques centrals de nom\u00e9s dues generacions abans s\u00f3n rebutjades com a encomanades de religiositat popular. Per aquest motiu, moltes devocions als sants locals, dubtoses per la jerarquia, van transformar-se en cultes i santuaris dedicats a la Mare de D\u00e9u, de qui creien que en podien controlar l\u2019ortod\u00f2xia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

____________<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Foto de portada<\/strong>: creu cristiana davant el santuari de Cabrera | \u00a9 Shutterstock<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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